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Selasa, 02 Desember 2014

PENGARUH ION SEJENIS

Adanya ion sejenis akan memperkecil kelarutan suatu elektrolit,makin banyak ion sejenis yang ada dalam larutan ,makin kecil kelarutan elektrolit tersebut.
Cara menghitung kelarutan elektrolit,jika ada ion sejenis :
melalui persamaan Ksp,hitunglah konsentrasi ion yang tidak memiliki ion sejenis.
melalui koefisien reaksi ionisasi,hitunglah kelarutan elektrolit.
   Contoh :
1.  Hitunglah kelarutan PbI2 (Ksp = 1,6 x 10-8) dalam larutan Pb(NO3)2 0,1 M.
            Jawab : misal kelarutan PbI2 = s mol/liter.  
                         Ksp  PbI2 = 1,6 x 10-8                                           
                               PbI2 Pb2+   + 2I-                                                  
                          s           s         2 s                                                         
                       Pb(NO­3)2 Pb2+  + 2 NO3-
                       0,1 M            0,1 M  2 x 0,1 M  
                       [Pb2+] = (0,1 + s) M
                       [I-] = 2s M
                      Ksp PbI2  = [Pb2+][I-]  
                       1,6 x 10-8 = [0,1][2s]2
                       4s2 = 16 X 10-8
                       Jadi kelarutan  PbI2 dalam K2CrO4 = 2 x 10-4 M
2.  Hitunglah kelarutan AgCl ( Ksp = 10-10 ) dalam larutan CaCl2 0,2 M.
              Jawab :  Ksp AgCl = [Ag+][Cl-
                           [Cl-] dari CaCl2 = 2 x 0,2 M
                           10-10 = [Ag+][ 2 x 0,2]
                           [Ag+] = 2,5 x 10-10 M.
                          Jadi kelarutan AgCl dalam CaCl2 = 2,5x 10-10 M.
3.      Diketahui Ksp AgCl = 1,6 x 10-10 .
      Tentukan kelarutan AgCl dalam :
                 a. air              b. larutan  AgNO3  0,1 M             c. larutan NaCl 0,1 M
                 Jawab :   a.  s = 1,27 x 10-5 mol/lter.
                                b. [Ag+] dari AgNO3  = 0,1 M ,
                                    maka   s = 1,6 x 10-10/ 0,1  = 1,6 x 10-9 Mol/liter.
                                c. [Cl- ] dari NaCl = 0,1 M ,
                                    maka   s = 1,6 x 10-10/ 0,1 = 1,6 x 10‑9  mol/l.
4.      Diketahui Ksp Ag2Cr04  = 1 x 10-12  .    
       Tentukan kelarutan Ag2CrO4 dalam :
                  a.  air                     b. larutan AgNO3 0,1 M             c. larutan Na2CrO4 0,1 M
                  Jawab : a .dalam air s = 6,3 x 10 –5
                               b. dalam AgNO3 0,1 M Þ s = 1 x 10 –12 / (0,1)2   = 1 x 10-10  mol/liter.
                               c. dalam Na2CrO4   0,1 M  s = 1,6 x 10 –6
5.      Kelarutan Ag2CrO4 dalam air adalah 10-4 M.
      Hitunglah kelarutan Ag2CrO4 dalam larutan K2CrO4
 0,01M.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
                Jawab:  Ksp Ag2CrO4 = 4s3 = 4 x 10-12 
                             Ksp Ag2CrO4 = [Ag+]2 [CrO42-
                               4( 10-4 )3  = [Ag+]2 x [10-2]
                               [Ag+]   = 2 x 10-5 M,  Maka kelarutan Ag2CrO4 = ½ x 2 x 10-5 = 10-5 M
6.      Diketahui Ksp Mg(OH)2=2 x10-11.
       Hitunglah kelarutan Mg(OH)2 dalam larutan NaOH 0,1 M.
                 Jawab :  s = 2 x 10 –9
                 Jadi kelarutan Mg(OH)2 = 2 x 10-9M.



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